{"id":38099,"date":"2012-08-23T18:14:16","date_gmt":"2012-08-23T15:14:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles\/sp-istoriya-knizhka-5-godina-xx-2012\/"},"modified":"2022-07-28T14:38:20","modified_gmt":"2022-07-28T11:38:20","slug":"sp-istoriya-knizhka-5-godina-xx-2012","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/newspaper.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles\/sp-istoriya-knizhka-5-godina-xx-2012\/","title":{"rendered":"History, issue 4\/2012, Volume 20"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a name=\"top\"><\/a>\u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 \/ CONTENTS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u0418 \u0424\u041e\u0420\u0423\u041c\u0418 \/ SCIENTIFIC FORUMS<\/strong><br \/>\nXXII \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d \u041b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u2013 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0435<br \/>\n[XXII International Limes Congress \u2013 Rousse] &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 295<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<strong>\u041a\u042a\u041c \u0427\u0418\u0422\u0410\u0422\u0415\u041b\u0418\u0422\u0415 \/ EDITORIAL<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041e\u0431\u0440\u044a\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u0418\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u2013 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044a\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430<br \/>\n[An Offi cial Address of Sergei Ignatov \u2013 Minister of Education, Youth and Science] &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 298<\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u044a\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0438 \u0420\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u2013 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044a\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430<br \/>\n[An Offi cial Address of Vezhdi Rashidov \u2013 Minister of Culture] &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 300<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#atr04\">\u041b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0438 \u2013 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438, \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0438 <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#atr04\">[Limes Congresses \u2013 Concepts, Aims, Purposes and Host Countries ]<\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u0420. \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \/ R. Ivanov<\/em> &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 302<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/newspaper.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><br \/>\n\u0426\u0418\u0412\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u0418 \u0413\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0426\u0418 \/ CIVILIZATION BOUNDARIES<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art02\">\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0441 \u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0414\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0414\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0432 \u043e\u0442 \u041d\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0434 \u2013 \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art02\">[The Roman Limes in North Britain and on the Lower Danube from Nerva to Commodus \u2013 Some Similarities and Differences] \/<\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u0411. \u0416\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432 \/ B. Zhekov<\/em> &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 307<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/newspaper.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#art3\">\u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0430: \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0414\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art3\">[The Names of the Frontier: the Naming Practice in Moesia Superior and Inferior between the Family and the Army] \/<\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u041a. \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0435\u0432 \/ K. Stoev<\/em> &#8211;\u00a0\u0441\u0442\u0440. 323<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/newspaper.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><br \/>\n\u041e\u0422 \u0414\u0420\u0415\u0412\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0422\u0410 \u0414\u041e \u041d\u0410\u0421 \/ FROM ANTIQUITY TO NOWADAYS<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art4\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 V \u0445\u0438\u043b. \u043f\u0440. \u0425\u0440. \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art4\">[Natural Cataclysms in the Fifth Millennium BC and the Collapse of the Earliest European Civilization] \/<\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u0412. \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \/ V. Nikolov<\/em> &#8211;\u00a0\u0441\u0442\u0440. 346<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/newspaper.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u041f\u041e\u0414\u0425\u041e\u0414\u0418 \u0412 \u041f\u0420\u0415\u041f\u041e\u0414\u0410\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0415\u0422\u041e \/ APPROACHES IN TEACHING<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art5\">\u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u2013 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u043e \u043d\u044f\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u044f\u0445, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0433\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435 <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art5\">[The History and Civilization Curricula \u2013 What is There and What is Missing, What Hinders Their Better Utilization] \/<\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u0418\u0432. \u0417\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \/ Iv. Zanov<\/em> &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 352<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/newspaper.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><br \/>\nREVIEW<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0422\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0438\u044f \u2013 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0406\u0406\u0406 \u0432. \u043f\u0440. \u0425\u0440. \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0406 \u0432. (\u041f\u0435\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u041f\u043b. \u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<br \/>\n\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u042e\u0433\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u043a \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 230\/229 \u0433. \u043f\u0440. \u0425\u0440. \u2013 45\/46 \u0433. \u0441\u043b. \u0425\u0440.)<br \/>\n[The Rulers in Thrace \u2013 End of 3rd Century BC \u2013 Beginning of 1st Century AD (Petkov, Pl. Military-political relationships<br \/>\nof the Thracian Rulers in the European South-East between 230\/229 BC \u2013 45\/46 AD)] \/<br \/>\n<em>\u041a. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \/ K. Porozhanov<\/em> &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 366<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/newspaper.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><br \/>\n\u0417\u0410 \u0412\u0410\u0428\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0411\u0418\u0411\u041b\u0418\u041e\u0422\u0415\u041a\u0410 \/ FOR YOUR LIBRARY<\/strong> &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 374<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/newspaper.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><br \/>\n\u0411\u0418\u0411\u041b\u0418\u041e\u0413\u0420\u0410\u0424\u0418\u042f \/ BIBLIOGRAPHY<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0414\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0422\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0438\u044f<br \/>\n[The Military and the Civic Life in the Provinces Moesia Inferior and Thracia] \/<br \/>\n<em>\u041a. \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0435\u0432 \/ K. Stoev<\/em> &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 378<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/newspaper.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0425\u0420\u041e\u041d\u0418\u041a\u0418 \/ CHRONICLES<\/strong> \u2013 p. 380<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/newspaper.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0423\u041a\u0410\u0417\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u0417\u0410 \u0410\u0412\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0422\u0415 \/ GUIDE FOR AUTHORS &#8211;\u00a0<\/strong>\u0441\u0442\u0440. 381<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/newspaper.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><br \/>\n<a name=\"atr04\"><\/a>\u041b\u0418\u041c\u0415\u0421 \u041a\u041e\u041d\u0413\u0420\u0415\u0421\u0418 \u2013 \u0418\u0414\u0415\u0418, \u0426\u0415\u041b\u0418, \u0417\u0410\u0414\u0410\u0427\u0418 \u0418 \u0421\u0422\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0418 \u0414\u041e\u041c\u0410\u041a\u0418\u041d\u0418<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>\u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 &#8211;<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Bulgaria)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0410\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u041b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435. \u0414\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0438. \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430, \u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 22-\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0449\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0432\u0440\u0438 \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0435. \u041e\u0431\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0438. \u0415\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u2013 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430.<br \/>\n<em><br \/>\nKeywords:<\/em> borders of the Roman Empire, Limes congresses, host countries<\/p>\n<p><strong>LIMES CONGRESSES \u2013 CONCEPTS, AIMS, PURPOSES AND HOST COUNTRIES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> Archeologists and historians form Germany, followed by their colleagues from England, are the first who were engaged into the scientific research on the separate sectors of the Roman Empire\u2019s borders. Sooner the idea of showing and discussing the results of these researches at eminent scientific forums has come into being. Thereby, the concept of organizing Limes congresses gradually arose. Twenty one of these important international forums are organized so far. The geographic scope covers the borders of the Roman Empire that are extended over immense territories of Europe, Africa and Asia. The 22nd consecutive congress is going to be held in Bulgaria, in the town of R\u043eusse, at the beginning of September. Usually these world-wide forums are carried out once every four years but this principle is very frequently disrupted because of various political and economical reasons. The congresses are accompanied by a great variety of field tours and museum attendances that consider the subjects to be discussed. One part of these tours is eventuated on the eve of the event but the greatest part<br \/>\nis during the very congress.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prof. Rumen Ivanov, ScD<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>National Institute of Archaeology and Museum<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art02\"><\/a>\u0420\u0410\u0417\u0412\u0418\u0422\u0418\u0415 \u041d\u0410 \u0420\u0418\u041c\u0421\u041a\u0418\u042f \u041b\u0418\u041c\u0415\u0421 \u0412 \u0421\u0415\u0412\u0415\u0420\u041d\u0410 \u0411\u0420\u0418\u0422\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f \u0418 \u041f\u041e \u0414\u041e\u041b\u0415\u041d \u0414\u0423\u041d\u0410\u0412 \u041e\u0422 \u041d\u0415\u0420\u0412\u0410 \u0414\u041e \u041a\u041e\u041c\u041e\u0414 \u2013<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u041d\u042f\u041a\u041e\u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u041b\u0418\u041a\u0418 \u0418 \u0420\u0410\u0417\u041b\u0418\u041a\u04181) \u0427\u0410\u0421\u0422 \u0412\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0410<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0411\u043e\u044f\u043d \u0416\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Sofia University<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0422\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0414\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0441 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0441 \u0414\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043d (81\u201396 \u0433.) \u0434\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u041d\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e-\u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0438 (96\u2013192 \u0433.). \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u043e, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0440\u044a\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0442\u044f\u0445\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0441 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u043c\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0414\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0414\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0432. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0445\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0440\u044a\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 II \u0432., \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u044a\u0440\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u044a\u0442. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e, \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0414\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0414\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0432 \u0441 \u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430.<br \/>\n<em><br \/>\nKeywords:<\/em> Roman limes, Lower Danube, Nervo-Antonine dynasty, Roman expansion, defense system, fortifi cation<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE ROMAN LIMES IN NORTH BRITAIN AND ON THE LOWER DANUBE<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>FROM NERVA TO COMMODUS \u2013 SOME SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES &#8211; PART 2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The present article refers to the problems of the Roman limes in province of Britannia and on the Lower Danube during the reign of the Nervo Antonine dynasty (96\u2013192 A. D.). This part of the text discusses a couple of points. In the first part some information about the military and political development of the Lower Danubian limes is presented. The view is focused on the main features of the Roman expansion at the beginning of the II century A. D. and the consequent barbarian invasions in the province of Lower Moesia. The main focus considers some unique ground fortifications that can be associated with the defense system of Lower Moesia. The stress is put on some problems about their date of building and the points of the main historians that have explored these ground fortifi cations. I have tried to present my own point of view about some of the dates. I have also tried to argue the existence of some of these ground fortifi cations in the II century A. D. using the means of archeological and geopolitical analysis. The second part of the text refers to the similarities and differences between the two frontier provinces. I have tried to show that Roman frontier zones are systematically arranged. The main focus is put on the geographical and geopolitical features of the frontier zones in Britannia and on the Lower Danube. The main point considers some common features of the frontiers such as the so called &#8222;movement&#8220; of the frontier. Nevertheless, it is presented that the frontier zones in Britannia and on the Lower Danube have similarities as well such as the military organization of the provinces, the number of soldiers that guarded the limes, etc. In conclusion, the purpose of this part of the text is to make a comparative analysis about two of the Roman frontier zones in the II century A. D. The main point is that Roman frontier zones are systems that are connected one to another and that certain models of organizing and sustaining the newly conquered territories are used by the Roman governing circles.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Boyan Zhekov<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Sofia University \u201eSt. Kliment Ohridski\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0<a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art3\"><\/a>\u0418\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u041b\u0418\u041c\u0415\u0421\u0410: \u0418\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0423\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0415\u0422\u041e \u0412 \u0413\u041e\u0420\u041d\u0410 \u0418 \u0414\u041e\u041b\u041d\u0410 \u041c\u0418\u0417\u0418\u042f <\/strong><strong>\u041c\u0415\u0416\u0414\u0423 \u0421\u0415\u041c\u0415\u0419\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e\u0422\u041e \u0418 \u0410\u0420\u041c\u0418\u042f\u0422\u0410<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0435\u0432<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Institute of Balkan Studies with Centre of Tracology<\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u201e\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444. \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044a\u0440 \u0424\u043e\u043b\u201c \u2013 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u201e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e\u201c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0414\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u044f. \u0411\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0433\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0410. \u041c\u043e\u0447\u0438, \u0442\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u201e\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u201c \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0418\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0412 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0419. \u041a\u0430\u0439\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0410. \u041c\u043e\u0447\u0438, \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u041c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044a\u0446\u0438, \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u043e-\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044a\u043a \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u201e\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u201c \u0438 \u201e\u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u201c \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0443\u043a. \u0421\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434, \u0447\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u201e\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u201c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0445\u043e\u0434.<br \/>\n<em><br \/>\nKeywords:<\/em> Names, Families, Moesia, Roman Army, Roman Limes<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE NAMES OF THE FRONTIER: THE NAMING PRACTICE<\/strong> <strong>IN MOESIA SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR BETWEEN<br \/>\nTHE FAMILY AND THE ARMY<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The following article proposes an anthroponimical approach to the history of the &#8222;border&#8220; (limes) society of the provinces of Moesia Superior and Moesia Inferior. It operates within the paradigm of the provincial Namegiving, created by scholars as A. Mocsy, in attempt to define the local Moesian \u201emilitary nomenclature\u201c and to outline its influence on the names in the families in both provinces. The investigation concentrates mainly on the cognomina of the provincial population. In its first part, the article uses the anthroponimical data, already combined in the works of I. Kajanto and A. M\u00f3csy, as well the names in the soldiers-and veteran lists in the Moesisa, in order to define the most common Soldier-names in Moesia superior and inferior. In the following the article traces the characteristics of the soldier names as a preferred hereditary nomenclature in the families of soldiers and civilians in the Moesian provinces. Based on the results from the representation of the limes-cognomina in the families, the article presents the final conclusion that the military names are indeed overrepresented as hereditary nomenclature by the children of the soldiers. However, this could be hypotheticaly explain\u0435d with the will of the parents to give their child a name which had gained its popularity in the times of the iniciatal &#8222;Romanisation&#8220; in the provinces.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kalin Stoev, PhD<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Institute for Balkan Studies &amp; Center of Thracology<\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u201eProf. Alexander Fol\u201c Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art4\"><\/a>\u041f\u0420\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0414\u041d\u0418 \u041a\u0410\u0422\u0410\u041a\u041b\u0418\u0417\u041c\u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0415\u0417 V \u0425\u0418\u041b. \u041f\u0420. \u0425\u0420. <\/strong><strong>\u0418 \u0417\u0410\u0413\u0418\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0415 \u041d\u0410 \u041f\u042a\u0420\u0412\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0415\u0412\u0420\u041e\u041f\u0415\u0419\u0421\u041a\u0410 \u0426\u0418\u0412\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u042f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Vassil Nikolov<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>\u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 &#8211;<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Bulgaria)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0422\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e, \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e, \u0438 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0438\u044f-\u0421\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 V \u0445\u0438\u043b. \u043f\u0440. \u0425\u0440. \u0412 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u0441\u044a\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u044a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0441 7\u20138 \u0441\u043c, \u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u2013 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e (\u0441 \u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 50\u201380 \u0433.) \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438. \u041f\u043e-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f (\u0432\u043a\u043b. \u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0438) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0442 \u043d\u0430 V \u0445\u0438\u043b. \u043f\u0440. \u0425\u0440. \u0421\u044a\u0441 \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0432 \u0422\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0440\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<br \/>\n<em><br \/>\nKeywords:<\/em> earthquakes, climate, prehistory<\/p>\n<p><strong>NATURAL CATACLYSMS IN THE FIFTH MILLENNIUM BC<\/strong> <strong>AND THE COLLAPSE OF THE EARLIEST EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The archaeological excavations at two tellsites, Karanovo near Nova Zagora and Provadia-Solnitsata near Provadia, have yielded remains suggesting that strong earthquakes had happened in both areas at the end of the first half of the fifth millennium BC. In the former case, that event led to the sinking of the tell at least seven or eight centimeters, and in the latter case, two stone fortifications were successively \u2013 five to eight decades one after another \u2013 destroyed. The reasons for the collapse of the earliest European civilization have been detailed in this paper, including in what is now Bulgaria, in the last quarter of the fifth millennium BC. The author argues that the end of the early farming culture in NE Bulgaria and Thrace was due to a relatively abrupt drought that resulted in the abandonment of the tells and the nomadization of the local communities.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prof. Vassil Nikolov, ScD<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>National Institute of Archaeology and Museum<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em><br \/>\n<a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art5\"><\/a>\u0423\u0427\u0415\u0411\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0413\u0420\u0410\u041c\u0418 \u041f\u041e \u0418\u0421\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u042f<\/strong> <strong>\u0418 \u0426\u0418\u0412\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u042f \u2013<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u041a\u0410\u041a\u0412\u041e \u0418\u041c\u0410 \u0418 \u041a\u0410\u041a\u0412\u041e \u041d\u042f\u041c\u0410 \u0412 \u0422\u042f\u0425,<\/strong> <strong>\u041a\u0410\u041a\u0412\u041e \u041d\u0418 \u041f\u0420\u0415\u0427\u0418 \u0414\u0410 \u0413\u0418 \u0418\u0417\u041f\u041e\u041b\u0417\u0412\u0410\u041c\u0415 \u041f\u041e-\u0414\u041e\u0411\u0420\u0415<br \/>\n<em><br \/>\n<\/em>\u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0417\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432<em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong><em>\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u201e\u0414\u0440\u044a\u0441\u0442\u044a\u0440\u201c \u2013 \u0421\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u041e\u0431\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f V\u2013\u0425\u0406\u0406 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441 (\u0437\u0430\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430) \u0438 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u044f\u0445\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430. \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438, \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0441\u044a\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0430: \u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0430 \u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0449\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u2013 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442; 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intended for students from 5th to 12th grade and the textbooks evaluation. The discussions stress on the necessity of improvements in order to overcome the misunderstanding and the incapability of applying the curricula as an every-day tool by the teachers.The current curricula are by far, a thorough encyclopedic presentation of all the available information concerning a given historical period. The total amount of classes and the percentage of practical lessons which are necessary for acquiring the intended skills are not taken into consideration. Thus, despite of the intents, the final result is a list of battles and peace treaties with no additional information about the certain period included. As we cannot expect an increase in the amount of classes, we are facing the issue of presenting the enormous educational material in a limited amount of time. There is a growing need of an overall assessment of what the curricula of &#8222;History and Civilization&#8220; should include. Therefore, our conclusion is that the authors of the new curricula should set the fundaments of new aspects of the historical knowledge and a new approach for presenting the divers historical process. The vague and awkward graphical format of the functioning curricula is one of the well-known reasons for their inappropriate utilization. The proposal for numbering the standards and the expected results was neglected during the approval of the curricula. The present article is an example of how difficult it is to refer to them. This fact hinders the teachers of citing the different standards in their documentation and thus, getting better acquainted with them. The main issues that we discuss in the present work: What should be more important &#8211; the thematic or the chronological relationships?; Is there a need of state regulations for acquiring knowledge?; The development of standards and the expected results; The terms that are used to define the level of knowledge and the skills that the students posses; The classification of the literature sources and the specific role of introducing new terms. Our review of the functioning curricula for the discipline &#8222;History and Civilization&#8220; for students 5th to 12th grade can aid the development of the new curriculum for this discipline. It is important that the material is consistent with the volume of classes. A balance must be established between the acquired knowledge and skills, between the different aspects of the historical process. The development should concern the relationships between curricula for different age groups \u2013 development of a common methodological vocabulary for presenting the results, references, terms is essential. The main goal is to present clearly the complexity of the requirements for a certain age group and the relationship between the acquired knowledge and the knowledge to be acquired.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ivan Zanov<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Municipal School of Sports \u201eDrastar\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 \/ CONTENTS \u041d\u0410\u0423\u0427\u041d\u0418 \u0424\u041e\u0420\u0423\u041c\u0418 \/ SCIENTIFIC FORUMS XXII \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d \u041b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u2013 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0435 [XXII International Limes Congress \u2013 Rousse] &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 295 \u041a\u042a\u041c \u0427\u0418\u0422\u0410\u0422\u0415\u041b\u0418\u0422\u0415 \/ EDITORIAL \u041e\u0431\u0440\u044a\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u0418\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u2013 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044a\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 [An Offi cial Address of Sergei Ignatov \u2013 Minister of Education, Youth and Science] &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 298 [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"0","fullscreen":"0","sidebar":"","second_sidebar":"","sticky_sidebar":"0","share_position":"","share_float_style":"","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"0","show_post_meta":"0","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"0","show_post_date":"0","post_date_format":"","post_date_format_custom":"","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"","show_post_tag":"0","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"0","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"","single_post_gallery_size":""}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"","trending_post_label":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""}},"categories":[2878],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.7 - 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