{"id":38763,"date":"2014-06-18T18:05:00","date_gmt":"2014-06-18T15:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles\/history032014\/"},"modified":"2022-07-27T16:46:08","modified_gmt":"2022-07-27T13:46:08","slug":"history032014","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/newspaper.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles\/history032014\/","title":{"rendered":"History, issue 3\/2014, Volume 22"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a name=\"top\"><\/a>\u00a0CONTENTS \/ \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>VIEW OVER THE BALKAN PENINSULA\/ \u041f\u041e\u0413\u041b\u0415\u0414 \u041d\u0410\u0414\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0415<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art01\">\u0426\u044a\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u2013 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0427\u0435\u0442\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0440\u044a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434<br \/>\n[Church Bells and Church Towers in the Eastern Balkans \u2013 Interesting Consequence of the Fourth Crusade] \/ <\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432 \/ Nikolay Markov<\/em> &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 239<br \/>\n<a class=\"doclink\" href=\"\/en\/index.php\/?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_download&amp;gid=1710&amp;Itemid=365\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text <\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>CIVILIZATION BOUNDARIES \/ \u0426\u0418\u0412\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u0418 \u0413\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0426\u0418<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art02\">\u042f\u0433\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 1989 \u0433. [Jagiellonian University and the Balkan Studies since 1989] \/ <\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0420\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \/ Viktor Rogozenski\u00a0<\/em>&#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 261<br \/>\n<a class=\"doclink\" href=\"\/en\/index.php\/?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_download&amp;gid=1714&amp;Itemid=365\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text <\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#art03\">\u0414\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434 \u0432 \u042e\u0433\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430 1920\u20131930 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430<br \/>\n[Discussions on the Main Directions of Urban Development of South-Eastern Ukraine During the 1920\u20131930s] \/ <\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u0422\u0435\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \/ Tetiana Bondarenko<\/em>\u00a0&#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 271<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<a class=\"doclink\" href=\"\/en\/index.php\/?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_download&amp;gid=1708&amp;Itemid=365\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text <\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0414\u0418\u0421\u041a\u0423\u0421\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u041e\/ DISCUSSIONS<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art04\">\u0418\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0443\u0434\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044f\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u0425\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438<br \/>\n[Facts and Delusions About the Name and the Birthplace of Paisij Hilendarski] \/<\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u0426\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e \u0416\u0438\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0432 \/ Tzanko Zhivkov<\/em>\u00a0&#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 278<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<a class=\"doclink\" href=\"\/en\/index.php\/?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_download&amp;gid=1718&amp;Itemid=365\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text <\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#art05\">\u0421\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043d \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u2013\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0420\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043e? [Stefan Stambolov \u2013 the Balkan Richelieu?] \/ <\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u0418\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0422\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0432 \/ Ilia Todev<\/em>\u00a0&#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 287<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<a class=\"doclink\" href=\"\/en\/index.php\/?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_download&amp;gid=1715&amp;Itemid=365\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text <\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>APPROACHES IN TEACHING \/ \u041f\u041e\u0414\u0425\u041e\u0414\u0418 \u0412 \u041f\u0420\u0415\u041f\u041e\u0414\u0410\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0415\u0422\u041e<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art06\">\u041a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0430 \u2013 \u041c\u043e\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u044f \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f &#8211; \u041d\u0430\u0448 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043e\u043c<br \/>\n[How We Present Bulgaria to Our Children] \/ <\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u0422\u0430\u043d\u044f \u0422\u0440\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\/ Tanya Trapova<\/em>\u00a0&#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 293<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<a class=\"doclink\" href=\"\/en\/index.php\/?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_download&amp;gid=1716&amp;Itemid=365\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text <\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>GUARDIANS OF THE MEMORY \/ \u041f\u0410\u0417\u0418\u0422\u0415\u041b\u0418 \u041d\u0410 \u041f\u0410\u041c\u0415\u0422\u0422\u0410<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art07\">\u0414\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e. \u041c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0438\u044f [A Touch to the Past. Museum Activities in Provadia] \/ <\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0410\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \/ Svetoslav Adzhemlerski\u00a0<\/em>&#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 309<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<a class=\"doclink\" href=\"\/en\/index.php\/?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_download&amp;gid=1706&amp;Itemid=365\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text <\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"#art08\">\u0417\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0438\u044f [About the Historical Names of Provadia] \/ <\/a><br \/>\n<em>\u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0410\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \/ Svetoslav Adzhemlerski<\/em>\u00a0&#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 316<\/p>\n<p><strong>LETTERS TO THE EDITOR \/ \u041f\u0418\u0421\u041c\u0410 \u0414\u041e \u0420\u0415\u0414\u0410\u041a\u0426\u0418\u042f\u0422\u0410<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0429\u043e \u0435 \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e? \u041a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0446\u0438 \u0438 \u0411\u0430\u0431\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u2013 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430<br \/>\n[What is European Cultural Dialogue and Cooperation? \u201cKlimentskite Starci\u201d &amp; \u201cBaba Marta\u201d \u2013 Ambassadors of the Bulgarian Culture in Europe] \/<br \/>\n<em>E\u043c\u0438\u043b \u0412\u044a\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \/ Emil Varbanov<\/em>\u00a0&#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 324<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<a class=\"doclink\" href=\"\/en\/index.php\/?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_download&amp;gid=1717&amp;Itemid=365\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text <\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>BULGARIA ABROAD \/ \u0411\u042a\u041b\u0413\u0410\u0420\u0418\u042f \u041f\u041e \u0421\u0412\u0415\u0422\u0410<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0423\u043d\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d \u044e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0439 [Association of Bulgarians in Hungary Celebrates 100th Anniversary] \/<br \/>\n<em>\u0410\u043b\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/ \u0410lbena Milanova<\/em>\u00a0&#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 329<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<a class=\"doclink\" href=\"\/en\/index.php\/?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_download&amp;gid=1712&amp;Itemid=365\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text <\/a><\/p>\n<p>E\u0434\u0438\u043d \u201e\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u201c \u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438\u043a. \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0423\u043d\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \/<br \/>\n[One \u201cUsual\u201d Monday in the Summer. Speech Marking 100th Anniversary of the Association of Bulgarians in Hungary] \/<br \/>\n<em>\u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0448 \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0432 \/ Andr\u00e1s Doncsev<\/em>\u00a0&#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 331<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<a class=\"doclink\" href=\"\/en\/index.php\/?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_download&amp;gid=1711&amp;Itemid=365\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38022\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" alt=\"icon\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0Open the full text <\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u201e\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u201c \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043d\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u044f. \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043e\u043c\/<br \/>\n[The Community That Created Bulgaria on Hungarian Soil. Welcome Speech at the Concert in Bulgarian Cultural Centre, Budapest, March 3, 2014] \/<br \/>\n<em>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u0447\u043e \u041c\u0443\u0441\u0435\u0432 \/ Dancho Musev<\/em>\u00a0&#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 334<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/newspaper.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>BOOKS FOR YOUR LIBRARY\/ \u0417\u0410 \u0412\u0410\u0428\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0411\u0418\u0411\u041b\u0418\u041e\u0422\u0415\u041a\u0410<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 336<\/p>\n<p><strong>READ IN THE LASTES ISSUES OF THE \u201eAZ BUKI\u201c JOURNALS \/<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0412 \u041d\u041e\u0412\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0411\u0420\u041e\u0415\u0412\u0415 \u041d\u0410 \u0421\u041f\u0418\u0421\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f\u0422\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u0418\u0417\u0414\u0410\u0422\u0415\u041b\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e \u201e\u0410\u0417 \u0411\u0423\u041a\u0418\u201c \u0427\u0415\u0422\u0415\u0422\u0415<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 338<\/p>\n<p><strong>GUIDE FOR AUTHORS \/ \u0423\u041a\u0410\u0417\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f \u0417\u0410 \u0410\u0412\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0422\u0415\u00a0<\/strong>&#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 340<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art01\"><\/a>\u00a0\u0426\u042a\u0420\u041a\u041e\u0412\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u041a\u0410\u041c\u0411\u0410\u041d\u0418 \u0418 \u041a\u0410\u041c\u0411\u0410\u041d\u0410\u0420\u0418\u0418 \u041d\u0410 \u0418\u0417\u0422\u041e\u0427\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u041d\u0418 \u2013 <\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u041b\u042e\u0411\u041e\u041f\u0418\u0422\u0415\u041d \u0420\u0415\u0417\u0423\u041b\u0422\u0410\u0422 \u041e\u0422 \u0427\u0415\u0422\u0412\u042a\u0420\u0422\u0418\u042f \u041a\u0420\u042a\u0421\u0422\u041e\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0415\u041d \u041f\u041e\u0425\u041e\u0414<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>\u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u044a\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0446\u044a\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0418\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044a\u0442, \u0447\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0437\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b \u043e\u0442 \u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 1204 \u0433. \u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0446\u044a\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0438.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords<\/em>: church bells, Eastern Balkans, Middle Ages, The Fourth Crusade<\/p>\n<p><strong>CHURCH BELLS AND CHURCH TOWERS IN THE EASTERN BALKANS \u2013 INTERESTING CONSEQUENCE OF THE FOURTH CRUSADE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The article presents the results of collecting and analyzing a large number of written and archaeological evidence on church bells and bell towers in the Eastern Balkans during the Middle Ages. The author concludes that until the capture of Constantinople by the Latins in 1204, they were rarely used by the local people in the church service.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dr. Nikolay Markov, Assoc. Prof.<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>National Historical Museum<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art02\"><\/a>\u00a0\u042f\u0413\u0415\u041b\u041e\u041d\u0421\u041a\u0418\u042f\u0422 \u0423\u041d\u0418\u0412\u0415\u0420\u0421\u0418\u0422\u0415\u0422 \u0418 \u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0418\u041a\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0421\u041b\u0415\u0414 1989 \u0413.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0420\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Institute for Historical Studies \u2013 Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Sofia, Bulgaria)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u042f\u0433\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 (\u041a\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0448\u0430), \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435 \u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043b \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u042e\u0433\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044a\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords<\/em>: Jagiellonian University, Balkan studies, Southeast Europe, Poland<\/p>\n<p><strong>JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY AND THE BALKAN STUDIES SINCE 1989<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The article examines the Jagiellonian University (Krakow, Poland), which &#8211; during its 650-year-old history, has established itself as one of the important centers for study and research of South-Eastern Europe. The author focuses on the achievements of the professors and lecturers of the Jagiellonian University in the \ufb01eld of the Balkan studies since the end of the Cold war.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Viktor Rogozenski, PhD Student<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Institute of Historical Studies<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art03\"><\/a>\u00a0\u0414\u0418\u0421\u041a\u0423\u0421\u0418\u042f\u0422\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u0410\u0420\u0425\u0418\u0422\u0415\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u041e\u0422\u041d\u041e\u0421\u041d\u041e\u0411\u042a\u0414\u0415\u0429\u0415\u0422\u041e \u041d\u0410 \u0421\u041e\u0426\u0418\u0410\u041b\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0418\u042f<br \/>\n\u0413\u0420\u0410\u0414\u0412 \u042e\u0413\u041e\u0418\u0417\u0422\u041e\u0427\u041d\u0410 \u0423\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0419\u041d\u0410 \u041f\u0420\u0415\u0417 \u041f\u0415\u0420\u0418\u041e\u0414\u0410 1920 \u2013 1930 \u0413\u041e\u0414\u0418\u041d\u0410<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0422\u0435\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0436\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f; \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044a\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438. \u0418\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u042e\u0433\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430 (1920 \u2013 1930), \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437 30-\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0425 \u0432. \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0440\u044a\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e: \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0440. \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0441\u0438\u043f\u043di).<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords<\/em>: centralists, linealists, looses, architects, housing construction, Ukraine<\/p>\n<p><strong>DISCUSSIONS ON THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF SOUTH-EASTERN UKRAINE DURING THE 1920-1930s<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The article presents the systematic and profound work on urban development of South-Eastern Ukraine during the 1920-1930s which was carried out in two main directions. The \ufb01rst was the foundation of new socialistic cities and worker\u2019s settlements due to the building of heavy industry factories; the second one was the reconstruction and further development of the historically founded industrial centers and big cities. In 1930 already were formed three main directions of urban development in Ukraine: centralists, linealists and looses, which are emphasized in the article.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mrs. Tetiana Bondarenko<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Zaporizhzhya National University \u2013 ZNU<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art04\"><\/a>\u00a0\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0418\u041d\u0418 \u0418 \u0417\u0410\u0411\u041b\u0423\u0414\u0418 \u041e\u0422\u041d\u041e\u0421\u041d\u041e \u0418\u041c\u0415\u0422\u041e \u0418 \u0420\u041e\u0414\u041d\u041e\u0422\u041e \u041c\u042f\u0421\u0422\u041e \u041d\u0410 \u041f\u0410\u0418\u0421\u0418\u0419 \u0425\u0418\u041b\u0415\u041d\u0414\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u0418|<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0426\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e \u0416\u0438\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044a\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u043b\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044f\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0446 \u041f\u0430\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u0425\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044a\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043b\u043e \u041a\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043b \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043c\u044f\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u0410\u043b. \u0411\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d, \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043d \u041c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0421\u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u0440. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0441. \u041a\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043b \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0446.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords<\/em>: Paisij Hilendarski, birthplace, Kralev Dol, enlightener<\/p>\n<p><strong>FACTS AND DELUSIONS ABOUT THE NAME AND THE BIRTHPLACE OF PAISIJ HILENDARSKI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. The article deals with the controversial issue of the birthplace of the Bulgarian enlightener Paisij Hilendarski. The author proved that the authentic birthplace of Paisij is the village Kralev Dol (near Pernik), referring to the famous linguists Vele Kralevski, Alexander Balan, Ivan Snegarovq etc. The author supports the idea that the national celebration of Paisij have to take place in Kralev Dol and proposes the construction of digni\ufb01ed monument there.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mr. Tzanko Zhivkov<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art05\"><\/a>\u00a0\u0421\u0422\u0415\u0424\u0410\u041d \u0421\u0422\u0410\u041c\u0411\u041e\u041b\u041e\u0412 \u2013\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u041d\u0421\u041a\u0418\u042f\u0422 \u0420\u0418\u0428\u0415\u041b\u042c\u041e?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0422\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0432<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Institute for Historical Studies \u2013 Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Sofia, Bulgaria)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. \u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435\u0442\u043e \u201e\u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0420\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043e\u201c, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0430\u00a0 \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0438\u043d\u044a\u0442 G. Songeon. \u041e\u0431\u0449\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0435\u0440-\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u041b\u0443\u0438\u00a0 \u0425\u0406\u0406\u0406 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0424\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u0406 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u043e\u0431\u0449\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442, \u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0432 \u0438\u00a0 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u00a0 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u2013 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438. \u0410\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0416\u0430\u043d \u0434\u044c\u043e \u041f\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u041b\u0443\u0438 \u0425\u0406\u0406\u0406 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u043d\u043e \u0438\u00a0 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b \u2013 \u0445\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430. \u0417\u0430 \u043c\u044a\u0436\u043a\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0443\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0424\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u0441\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0441\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b \u2013 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0433\u0440\u044f\u0445 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434. \u0422\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u043a\u044a\u0440\u0431\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0424\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438\u00a0 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043a\u0438. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0445\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430.\u00a0 \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044a\u0442 \u0441\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0444\u043e\u0431\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0424\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u2013 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0441\u044a\u0434\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords<\/em>: Stefan Stambolov, Cardinal Richelieu, Ferdinand I, Machiavellianism<\/p>\n<p><strong>STEFAN STAMBOLOV \u2013 THE BALKAN RICHELIEU?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. The text interprets the nickname &#8222;Balkan Richelieu&#8220; coined by the\u00a0 French historian G. Songeon. Generally speaking what the prime ministers of Louis XIII and Ferdinand I Bulgarian had in common was their energetic, talented and extremely ef\ufb01cient Machiavellianism. However, closer scrutiny reveals substantial\u00a0 differences, mostly related to the unequal relationships with the respective royal persons. Armand Jean du Plessis managed to build harmonious relationship with Louis\u00a0 XIII not only because he was a great statesman, but also because he showed great\u00a0 tolerance for the biggest weakness of his king \u2013 homosexualism. For the macho Stambolov the bisexual inclinations of Ferdinand were an unforgivable insult to\u00a0 the sterner sex and an unforgivable sin against the Bulgarian people. He personally offended Ferdinand by making irreverent remarks to him in public. He called his\u00a0 policy hermaphrodite. The author believes that particularly the uncompromising homophobia of\u00a0 Stambolov is the most important key to understanding his relationship with Ferdinand\u00a0 which had quite strong and quite negative impact on the fate of Bulgaria.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prof. Ilia Todev, DSc.<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Institute for Historical Studies<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Bulgarian Academy of Sciences<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art06\"><\/a>\u00a0\u041a\u0410\u041a\u0412\u0410 \u0411\u042a\u041b\u0413\u0410\u0420\u0418\u042f \u041f\u0420\u0415\u0414\u0421\u0422\u0410\u0412\u042f\u041c\u0415 \u041d\u0410 \u041d\u0410\u0428\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0414\u0415\u0426\u0410 \u2013 \u041c\u041e\u042f \u0421\u0422\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0410, \u041c\u041e\u042f \u0411\u042a\u041b\u0413\u0410\u0420\u0418\u042f \u2013\u041d\u0410\u0428 \u0420\u041e\u0414\u0415\u041d \u0414\u041e\u041c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0422\u0430\u043d\u044f \u0422\u0440\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e-\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0433\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u044f \u201e\u042f\u043d\u0435 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u201c \u2013 \u0413\u043e\u0446\u0435 \u0414\u0435\u043b\u0447\u0435\u0432<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. \u0418\u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0440\u044a\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u044a\u0440\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438, \u0434\u0430 \u0433\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438, \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0449\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442, \u0434\u0430 \u0442\u044a\u0440\u0441\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435, \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043c\u044a\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0447\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0412 \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f \u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u2013 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u0417\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u00a0 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438, \u0447\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e\u00a0 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438, \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442, \u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f \u0438\u043c \u0441\u0435 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u044a\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0440\u044a\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u044f\u0445\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438, \u0447\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438 \u0432\u00a0 \u043a\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442, \u0421\u0418\u041f, \u0417\u0418\u041f, \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0430. \u0422\u044a\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0442\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u043e\u0442 IV \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441, \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u0427\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u044a\u0442 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0435, \u0447\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0442\u044f\u0445\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u0442\u044f\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e, \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438 \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords<\/em>: history, interactive methods, approaches in teaching, motherland<\/p>\n<p><strong>HOW WE PRESENT BULGARIA TO OUR CHILDREN<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The idea for this methodological development stems from the perceived responsibility of the Bulgarian teachers to sow the seed of patriotism in the hearts of their students. Accordingly the main objective of this methodological development is to stimulate the activity of students when clarifying subjects like native home, family and motherland. The author implies interactive methods, which application stimulates the creation of a new, attractive, unusual learning environment that makes the students feel free to express their personal opinion, to participate in the discussion on topics like native home, family and motherland. Given the speci\ufb01cs of these themes the methodological development is particularly suitable for students in fourth grade, studying the school subject \u201cMan and society\u201d. The main result from the application of these interactive methods is that they enhance patriotic feelings, stimulate the interest of students in the history of their homeland and inculcate the virtue of tolerance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mrs. Tanya Trapova<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>High School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences<\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u201cYane Sandanski\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art07\"><\/a>\u00a0\u0414\u041e\u041a\u041e\u0421\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0415 \u0414\u041e \u041c\u0418\u041d\u0410\u041b\u041e\u0422\u041e. \u041c\u0423\u0417\u0415\u0419\u041d\u041e\u0422\u041e \u0414\u0415\u041b\u041e \u0412 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0412\u0410\u0414\u0418\u042f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0410\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u2013 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0438\u044f<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0432 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0441 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0434 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0434 10 000 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439. \u0412 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u044a\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u041e\u0432\u0435\u0447, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440 \u2013 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439 \u0420\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430, \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434, \u0412\u044a\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u0440\u044a\u0436\u0438\u044f, \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0438.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords<\/em>: museum, Provadia, salt production center<\/p>\n<p><strong>A TOUCH TO THE PAST MUSEUM ACTIVITIES IN PROVADIA<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. The present article studies the development of museum activities in Provadia. During the decades of its existence the Museum has gained over 10 000 units preserving the cultural heritage of Provadia region. Most visitors are attracted by the earliest salt production center \u201cProvadia \u2013 Solnitsata\u201d, the Late-antique and medieval fortress Ovech and the Old Bulgarian monastery (IX \u2013 XI century) near the village of Ravna.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mr. Svetoslav Adzhemlerski<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Museum of History \u2013 Provadia<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art08\"><\/a>\u00a0\u0417\u0410 \u0421\u0422\u0410\u0420\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0418\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0412\u0410\u0414\u0418\u042f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0410\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u2013 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0438\u044f<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 (\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430) \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u2013 \u0433\u0440\u044a\u0446\u043a\u0438, \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u0444\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u043c\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u0441\u0440\u044a\u0431\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0440. \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u044a\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords<\/em>: Provadia, names, history<\/p>\n<p><strong>ABOUT THE HISTORICAL NAMES OF PROVADIA<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>. The article studies the historical names over the centuries of Provadia and its fortress \u2013 Greek, Bulgarian, Arabic, Italian, Ottoman, French, German, English, Magyar, Serbian, Russian. The author pays attention to the interpretations of the names made by different authors.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mr. Svetoslav Adzhemlerski<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Museum of History \u2013 Provadia<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0CONTENTS \/ \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 VIEW OVER THE BALKAN PENINSULA\/ \u041f\u041e\u0413\u041b\u0415\u0414 \u041d\u0410\u0414\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0426\u044a\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u2013 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0427\u0435\u0442\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0440\u044a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434 [Church Bells and Church Towers in the Eastern Balkans \u2013 Interesting Consequence of the Fourth Crusade] \/ \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432 \/ Nikolay Markov &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 239 \u00a0\u041e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 CIVILIZATION BOUNDARIES \/ [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"0","fullscreen":"0","sidebar":"","second_sidebar":"","sticky_sidebar":"0","share_position":"","share_float_style":"","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"0","show_post_meta":"0","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"0","show_post_date":"0","post_date_format":"","post_date_format_custom":"","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"","show_post_tag":"0","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"0","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"","single_post_gallery_size":""}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"","trending_post_label":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""}},"categories":[2878],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0441\u043f. &quot;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f&quot;, \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 3, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXII, 2014 - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/strategies.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles\/history032014\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0441\u043f. &quot;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f&quot;, \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 3, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXII, 2014 - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00a0CONTENTS \/ \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 VIEW OVER THE BALKAN PENINSULA\/ \u041f\u041e\u0413\u041b\u0415\u0414 \u041d\u0410\u0414\u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0426\u044a\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u2013 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0427\u0435\u0442\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0440\u044a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434 [Church Bells and Church Towers in the Eastern Balkans \u2013 Interesting Consequence of the Fourth Crusade] \/ \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432 \/ Nikolay Markov &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 239 \u00a0\u041e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 CIVILIZATION BOUNDARIES \/ [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/strategies.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles\/history032014\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Azbuki55\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-06-18T15:05:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-07-27T13:46:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/components_com_docman_themes_default_images_icons_16x16_pdf.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u0410\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f Vracheva\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u0410\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f Vracheva\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/strategies.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles\/history032014\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/strategies.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles\/history032014\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u0410\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f Vracheva\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/9541b190d939a7f23aaac7643f2815c8\"},\"headline\":\"\u0441\u043f. &#8222;\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f&#8220;, \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 3, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXII, 2014\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-06-18T15:05:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-07-27T13:46:08+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/strategies.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles\/history032014\/\"},\"wordCount\":2303,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/en\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"\u0421\u044a\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f. \\\"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\\\"\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/strategies.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles\/history032014\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/strategies.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles\/history032014\/\",\"name\":\"\u0441\u043f. \\\"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\\\", \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 3, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XXII, 2014 - 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