Petar Goliyski
Sofia University
https://doi.org/10.53656/for23.241amia
Abstract. If not the most essential, but at least the most noticeable difference between the two forms of the modern Armenian language – the Eastern and the
Western – is the difference in the pronunciation of a large part of the consonants. In initial position and within the word, the voiceless consonants of Eastern
Armenian language have voiced pronunciation in Western Armenian and the voiced consonants of the Eastern Armenian, especially the explosive ones, have voiceless
pronunciation in Western Armenian. The devoicing has been already found in Old
Armenian texts from the 10th – 11th centuries, but a similar case has been discovered much earlier – in the 7th century, in a text of the so-called ‘Anonymous interpreter’ (Armenian: Անանուն մեկնիչ), a commentator of ‘The Art of Grammar’ of
Dionysius Thrax (170 – 90 BC), whose work had been translated into Old Armenian
in the 5th century AD. In the commentaries of the Anonymous Interpreter there is an
alternating use of the forms bazuk ~ pazuk ~ p'azuk (‘hand, arm’), which suggests
that the devoicing of the explosive consonants in the Armenian language was a very old phenomenon.
An even earlier and neglected example of devoicing of the explosive consonants
in the Old Armenian language (Grabar) could be found in the Roman History of
Ammianus Marcellinus, a Latin speaking author who worked in the second half
of the 4th century. Writing about the events of 368 – 369 AD, Ammianus mentions
an Armenian eunuch named Cylaces, which name was a Greco-Latin form of the
Syriac-Armenian personal name Glak, but in its Western Armenian pronunciation,
Klak.
This example not only lowers the timeline of this typical Western Armenian phonetic phenomenon by as much as three centuries, but also supports the existing hypothesis that the devoicing of the explosive consonants in the Armenian language already existed in the preliterate period, that is, before 405 AD.
Keywords: Eastern Armenian language; Western Armenian language; Old Armenian language (Grabar); voiced and voiceless consonants; devoicing of
the explosive consonants; Ammianus Marcellinus; Cylaces; Glak; Klak
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